Multimedia Data And Its Essential Characteristics

Abstract Multimedia data mining is a popular research domain which helps to extract interesting knowledge from multimedia data sets such as audio, video, images, graphics, speech, text and combination of several types of data sets. Normally, multimedia data are categorized into unstructured and semi-structured data. These data are stored in multimedia databases and multimedia mining is used to find useful information from large multimedia database system by using various multimedia techniques and powerful tools. This paper provides the basic concepts of multimedia mining and its essential characteristics. Multimedia mining architectures for structured and unstructured data, research issues in multimedia mining, data mining models used for†¦show more content†¦Text data can be used in web browsers, messages like MMS and SMS. Image data can be used in art work and pictures with text still images taken by a digital camera. Audio data contains sound, MP3 songs, speech and music. Video da ta include time aligned sequence of frames, MPEG videos from desktops, cell phones, video cameras [17]. Electronic and digital ink its sequence of time aligned 2D or 3D coordinates of stylus, a light pen, data glove sensors, graphical, similar devices are stored in a multimedia database and use to develop a multimedia system. Figure 1 gives the important components of multimedia data mining. Figure 1.Multimedia Data Mining Text mining Text Mining also referred as text data mining and it is used to find meaningful information from the unstructured texts that are from various sources. Text is the foremost general medium for the proper exchange of information [3]. Text Mining is to evaluate huge amount of usual language text and it detects exact patterns to find useful information. Image mining Image mining systems can discover meaningful information or image patterns from a huge collection of images. Image mining determines how low level pixel representation consists of a raw image or image sequence can be handled to recognize high-level spatial objects and relationship [14]. It includes digital image processing, image understanding,

Politics and the History of Cuba - 773 Words

Cuba is an island country in the Caribbean, 90 miles south of the Florida Coast. It has had a contentious and violent history since it was claimed by Spain in 1492, but now has a 99.8% literacy rate, an infant death rate lower than many developed countries and an average life expectancy of almost 78 years (CIA, 2012). In 1959, Fidel Castro led a successful revolution and deposed Fugelico Batista, who fled to exile in Portugal. This had quite an effect on American foreign and economic policy because up until Castro, America owned all of Cubas oil production, 90% of its mines, and 50% of its cattle, sugar and railroad industries. The capital city, Havana, was a tourist destination for Americans, and the U.S. Mafia shared power with Batista by controlling the islands drug trade, prostitution and gambling industries. This economic disparity continued to enrich many Americans and a few Cuban business owners, but resulted in a huge gap between rich and poor, lack of social services, and a crumbling infrastructure on the Island. The United States was initially enamored with Castro, calling him a freedom fighter. However, once Castro seized all the land and removed American owners, America began to believe that this model would become the rule in other Latin American Countries. The United States withdrew economic aid to the island, causing Castro to sell sugar to the Soviets and to nationalize all American enterprises in Cuba. In 1960, the U.S. formally severed diplomaticShow MoreRelatedLa Historia Me Absolvera also known as History Will Absolve Me1112 Words   |  5 Pagesturmoil for Cuba as well as other countries around the world. In 1945, shortly after the end of World War II, the Cold War was taking off between the United States and the Soviet Union.1 Cuba was in the middle of its own war, the revolution, when they caught up in the international politics of the Cold War. The interaction between international and domestic politics played a major role in the outc ome of the revolution. The result of the revolution left Fidel Castro in charge of Cuba. The PlattRead MoreCuba Essay796 Words   |  4 Pagesmajority Latino city -- 70 percent of its population is Hispanic. And while Cuban-Americans still comprise over half of the citys population -- 54 percent -- the citys Hispanic composition is changing. History The origin of Cuba started, when Christopher Columbus arrived in the island in 1492. In 1511 Cuba was colonized by the Spanish. Before the Spanish, the island was inhabited by Ciboney, Arawak, and the Taino Indians. After the Spaniards colonization, the native population didn’t survived due toRead More Resopnse To Revolution Essay1155 Words   |  5 Pageslook at America’s policy towards Cuba during the Cuban Revolution. It covers the general history of and preconceived notions about the revolution in depth and gives ample attention to both sides of the relationship between the U.S. and Cuba. In addition to this Welch analyzes the reactions of America’s various factions during the early years of the revolution. Upon taking this into a change of the status quo, and of one that only played the international game of politics on its own terms. The generalRead MoreEssay on The Cuban Revolution773 Words   |  4 Pagesof turmoil, not just in Cuba but in almost every corner of the world. It was 1945, shortly after the end of World War Two, and the Cold War was taking off between the United States and the Soviet Union. Cuba, in the middle of its own war, was caught up in the international politics of the Cold War. The interaction between international and domestic politics played a major role in the outcome of the revolution. The result of the revolution left Fidel Castro in charge of Cuba. The Platt AmendmentRead MoreTaking a Quick Look at Cuba623 Words   |  3 PagesCuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba comprises the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several groups of islands. The history of Cuba began with the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492. Native groups, such as the Ciboney,occupied the island but were soon eliminated as a result of disease or other natural causes. As a result, the impact of indigenous groups was limited, and Spanish culture conquered. For a short period afterRead MoreWhat We Need To Understand About Cuba Essay1021 Words   |  5 PagesTO UNDERSTAND ABOUT CUBA? What We Need to Understand about Cuba before Conducting Business in our Country? Edward Scot English 114 WHAT DO WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND ABOUT CUBA Abstract The purpose of this research paper is to give an understanding on how we as a country, the United States of America, should have a clear understanding of all business matters of the country of Cuba. Wow understanding this, facts of the country of Cuba will also be presented. For decades, Cuba has been banned fromRead MoreGlobalization: Slower is Better1517 Words   |  7 PagesReal estate groups such as Real Inmobilaria, are taking over high priced land centrally located in Havana, Cuba . The reason these companies are moving in, is due to legislation that was passed allowing foreign investments dealing with property ownership. Beginning in 1995, companies were allowed to construct property, if the land †¦is used for private homes, for tourists, or for employees of foreign companies (Reyes, 2). By the government allowing this to happen they are taking property away fromRead MoreFidel Castro: The Clown of Cuba1612 Words   |  7 Pages Current leader and dictator of Cuba, Fidel Castro, was born on August 13, 1926 in Biran Cuba. As a child, Fidel Castro had a good life because his father was very wealthy. His fathers name was Angel Castro. He was very wealthy because he owned plantations and lands. Additionally, he was originally from Spain but then moved to Cuba. Angel Castro married to Lina Gonzalez. Fidel Castro had one brother named Raul Castro. Fidel And Raul always had a special bond between their brother relationshipRead MoreCultural Communication Differences Between Cuba and India1333 Words   |  5 PagesCultural Communication Differences Between Cuba India Every culture develops in two ways, first by insular forces which shape the every day interactions between people of the same cultural values, and second by the influences put upon them from outside sources. Two countries with very little proximity to each other, and very little shared interaction, have developed their own unique styles that are radically different than the other. Cuba and India are two countries that have been heavily influencedRead MoreShould the U.S. Government Drop Its Sanctions against Cuba?1676 Words   |  7 Pagesuse of force as a primary method of international coercion. Cuba is one of the countries considered as a rogue state by the United States and its allies. The emergence of Cuba as a communist country in the western hemisphere in 1960, and the nationalization of a huge amount of US assets in Cuba by the then new regime led to the sanctions against Cuba. However, starting from the end of the 1980’s the Communist block begin falling apart. Cuba lost its international allies and became helpless both economically

Logic Free Essays

Is communication e cattle without the logical connectives such as or, ND, implies, not, if and only if ? [200 words] 5. Why we treat mathematical truths as certain? Why in logic we me- aphasia on autologies† 2 rather than contradictions? [200 words] (Consistency) an attribute of a logical system that Is so constituted that none of the propositions deducible from the axioms contradict one another 4. [n] – a harmonious uniformity or agreement among things or parts Tautology: a statement that is necessarily true (like 2+2-4) 1 6. We will write a custom essay sample on Logic or any similar topic only for you Order Now What is wrong with the following argument? The more you study, the more you learn. The more you learn, the more you know. The more you know, the more you forget. The more you forget, the less you know. The less you know, the less you learn. So, why study? 7. Analyze the following argument: God is All Powerful, omnipotent and omniscient. If God can do anything, can He create something that even He can’t a etc? (e: A stone so heavy that He can’t lift It) God can do anything that Is Possible. Even God can’t do something that Is not possible to be done Can God create a stone so heavy that even He can not lift it? 8. In a harsh totalitarian country an innocent person is arrested on Sunday evening and Marilyn condemned to execution, which they are told will take place on one of the following eve mornings. To make matters worse, they are told that they will not know the day before which morning it will be. After several hours torment the prisoner fails into a peaceful sleep as they realize that such a threat cannot be carried out. They reasoned thus: The execution cannot take place on Friday morning; for if they are still alive on Thursday night then the execution must take place on Friday. But they were told that they would not know the day before which day it would be. So it cannot be Friday, and so Friday can be counted out as a possibility. But by the same reasoning it cannot be Thursday either. For if they are still alive on Wednesday night then the execution must take place on Thursday. But they were told that they would not know the day before which day it would be. So it cannot be Thursday, and so Thursday can be counted out as a possibility. But by the same reasoning it cannot be Wednesday either†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The same reasoning covers Wednesday, Tuesday and Monday and so the prisoner can have a sound nights sleep. The prisoner is, however, greatly surprised to ND themselves facing the executioner on Wednesday (or indeed any other) morning. What went wrong with the prisoner’s reasoning? Write down the steps clearly and show how paradox 3 arises in the above situation? Paradox: An apparently sound argument leading to a contradiction. Some famous 2 PHI 142: Introduction to Logic Mid Semester Exam Date: 19 February 2013 Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Kanata Answer all of the following questions. Write answers in a separate booklet. Max. Marks: 30 Time: 2 hours; 17. 30-19. 30 PM We may define faith as the firm belief in something for which there is no evidence. Where there is evidence, no one speaks of . We do not speak of faith that two and two are four or that the earth is round. We only speak of faith when we wish to substitute emotion for evidence. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Bertrand Russell Answer whether the following statements are True or False. Justify it prefer- ably with a very short answer. 1. The following argument is valid: If computers can reason, they can ask questions. Computers can reason. Therefore, computers can ask questions . The following argument is an instance of Fallacy of accident fallacy . † Oh my lord, don’t take any courses in the biology department not even as open elective, as they are really tough and terrible. I took EBBS:322 and it was a disaster. † 3. The categorical propositions, All who are non intelligent are non-college students and all who are college students are intelligent are contradictory to each other 4. I am sure that you will agree that we should not vote Mr.. Panky Saxons for the next presidential elections in this hostel. If he gets elected, we will all be deprived of mom of the privileges that we are enjoying at this moment. Anyone not agreeing with this will be fired immediately from this wing A-top. In the above argument, the arguer is said to be committing straw-man fallacy. 5. False Cause fallacy is committed when the conclusion rests on the presumption of a causal link between two phenomena, when in fact all that has been shown is a correlation. No concepts are expressive intuitions on aversion converts to All concepts are non- expressive intuitions 7. The categorical propositions, All logic students are bright people No logic students are non-bright people re contradictory to each other. 8. The following argument is invalid If Newton’s theory is correct, then light should not be deflected by gravity. In this experiment, we can see that light is deflected by gravity. Therefore, Newton’s theory is not correct PHI 142: Introduction to Logic Mid Semester Exam Date: 19 February 2013 2. Which of the following passages contains arguments and which are not I. E. , Non-arguments 1 . If there is one theme that will be the topic of digital business this year, it is mobile. Commerce, which tracks Web and mobile usage, published a report about what hap- need in 2012, and what to expect in 2013. It shows that the effects of a movement toward mobile are everywhere, from shopping to media to search. According to the report, â€Å"2013 could spell a very rocky economic transition,† and businesses will have to scramble to stay ahead of consumers changing behavior (anytime. Com). 2. Ordinary glass is soda lime glass and is a mixture of silicates of sodium, potassium, calcium and aluminum etc. It is brittle because its molecular structure is composed of tetrahedral crystals. These crystals do not have a good large area orderly resealing structure. 3. People are not free, although human freedom has been highly prized throughout our history. Its value is affirmed by religious doctrines. Civil and criminal Justice systems incorporate the idea that behavior is freely chosen into sentencing guidelines. Clearly it has been an important concept in many areas of human activity. 3. Identify the type of Fallacy of Weak Induction from the following arguments 1 . I cracked most of my crucial exams (board exams) in the past while wearing my green tea shirt and writing an exam with my parker pen. Therefore, green color tea hire with a parker pen is a lucky combination and brought lot of success. Hence I should not forget to take it when I go for an exam again for achieving success in the exam. 2. If once a man indulges himself in murder, very soon he comes to think little of robbing; and from robbing he comes next to drinking and Sabbath breaking, and from that to incivility and procrastination. Once begin upon this downward path, you never know where you are to stop. Many a man has dated his ruin from some murder or other that perhaps he thought little of at the time. 3. Famous theologian William Palely argument from design suggests that a watch and the universe are similar as both display order and complexity. If order and complexity constitute evidence of design in the case of a watch, though, then they must also constitute evidence of the product of intelligent design that the universe must be a product of intelligent design too. 4. In 1742, Christian Goldberg conjectured that every even number greater than 2 is the sum of two primes. Mathematicians have been trying to prove Schoolbag’s conjecture ever since, but no one has succeeded in doing so. After two and a half entries, I think we can safely conclude that Goldberg was wrong. 4. Identify the type of Fallacies of Relevance 4 committed by the following arguments. Justify your answer with a brief explanation 1 . Social Security old age benefits ensure you can retire with dignity. If you become injured or are unable to work, Social Security disability benefits will help keep you afloat. But, Mrs.. Sheila’s arguments against cuts in Social Security are worthless. As a recipient of Social Security benefits, she would naturally be expected to argue exactly the way she does. Page 2 of 4 How to cite Logic, Papers

Biology Anatomy of the Urinary Bladder

Question: Discuss about the Biologyfor Anatomy of the Urinary Bladder. Answer: Introduction The urinary system contains several organs which makes it to be able to function well. Each of its organs performs various functions which all together make it possible to store and finally pass urine, as indicated in figure 1. The urinary system is made up of two kidneys, the bladder, two ureters, nerves, and urethra and sphincter muscles. Once the body has absorbed the nutrients that it requires, the waste products are left in the blood. In this case, the lungs, skin, urinary system and the intestines work hand in hand so that the wastes and the water in blood can be brought to a balance. The urinary system is basically tasked with removing urea from the body. The urea is a waste product derived from the breakdown of proteins which is in turn transported to the kidneys by the renal arteries (Jones et al., 2013). The urine containing urea and other wastes are transported all the way to the bladder where storage occurs as it awaits release. In this paper, the information presented co ncerns the anatomy of the urinary bladder in order to perform its storage functions. The Anatomy of the Urinary Bladder for Storage Functions The urinary system contains elastic walls which are capable of expanding up to fifteen times the volume of its empty space. These walls are made up of smooth muscles which help in the emptying of urine. This system has got two sphincter muscles which help in holding of the urine while the smooth muscles walls have receptors that pass information on how much of the walls of the urinary system has been stretched enough and hence the need to release urine (Tarzamni et al., 2016). The urinary system is made up of the bladder and outflow tract. The opposite functions of the urethra and the bladder makes it possible for the storage of urine and eventual elimination to take place. Basically, the bladder is a hollow muscular structure which is dome shaped and is found on the pelvic cavity. This system therefore makes sure that urine is passed from the kidneys into the bladder through the ureters without any leakage. From there, the bladder again expels the urine through the urethra via a pro cess known as micturition. Initially, the urethral pressure falls and then it is followed by increased pressure in the bladder. This process is regulated by the muscles in the urinary system because it is complex and requires control. Moreover, this coordinated process is also under the control of the neuronal systems. It is important to note that the position of the urinary system is placed on different positions based on gender. For instance, in females, the urinary system is places at the inferior and anterior to the uterus while in male, it is located anterior to the rectum. The ureters extend from the medial side of the kidneys and proceeds down to the bladder whereby they enter from the poster lateral side. The area where the ureters meet with the urethra has different physiological features from the walls of the bladder as shown in table 1. The urethra maintains a balance by creating a feeling of relaxation when voiding and also contracts when it is not passing urine. The ureters travel up to the loop o f henle, a region which carries out extensive water reabsorption. Having made a hairpin turn, it moves up to the distal convoluted tubule where a lot of sodium ions is reabsorbed. The ureters are two in number, i.e. one for each kidney and are found on the pelvic region. The ureter which leads from the right side is shorter as compared to the one on the left. The ureters are approximately 8 to 10 centimeters long and are in constant state of contraction and relaxation so that urine can be propelled forward. More important, the ureters function more or less like valves so as to prevent the possible backflow of urine into the kidneys. If urine is allowed to sit in the kidneys for a long time, it can cause infection to the kidneys. The detrusor muscles are different in terms of structure and function of the muscles in the bladder. The detrusor muscles are arranged in a longitudinal manner and in circular fashion such that they bundle together and are linked together connective tissues as shown in figure 2. These smooth muscles contain cells which are spindle in shape and a central nucleus. Moreover, these cells are small in size so that when they are relaxed they can extend to a large surface to hold and store as much urine as possible (Rizzo, 2015). Th ese bundle shaped cells in the smooth muscles of the urinary system and particularly in the bladder forms fascicles, whose orientation in the walls of the bladder has roles which determine the shape as well as the intraluminal pressure. The urethra in males has several sections whereby the inner layer is thick and longitudinal; the middle layer is thin and circular while the outer layer is striated. The sphincter is important in the prevention of any urine from leaking until when the pressure inside the bladder strong enough to force it to the outside. The internal sphincter is an elastic tissue which is made up of smooth muscles (Scanlon Sanders, 2014). Outside the urethra lies a circular tissue which is made up of circular skeletal muscles and is commonly referred to as the external sphincter, which is more of a valve to control the flow of urine. This external sphincter does not differ in any way in terms of the anatomical features among the males and females. The filling and emptying of the bladder determines is shape, for instance, when the bladder is full, it has an oval shape but when it is empty, it is flattened. Conclusion There are numerous anatomical features which play important roles for the bladder to perform its storage functions. This ensures that urine is stored until when it i.e. released through the urethra t avoid backflow to the kidneys. Any abnormalities to the urinary system as a result of infection or injury make urine storage a huge problem. References Jones, T. C., Hard, G. C., Mohr, U. (Eds.). (2013). Urinary system. Springer Science Business Media. Rizzo, D. C. (2015). Fundamentals of anatomy and physiology. Cengage Learning. Scanlon, V. C., Sanders, T. (2014). Essentials of anatomy and physiology. FA Davis. Tarzamni, M. K., Nezami, N., Zomorrodi, A., Fathi-Noroozlou, S., Piri, R., Naghavi-Behzad, M., Bijan, B. (2016). Renal Collecting System Anatomy in Living Kidney Donors by Computed Tomographic Urography: Protocol Accuracy Compared to Intravenous Pyelographic and Surgical Findings. Journal of clinical imaging science, 6.

Instabilities in Arab States and Its Effect on the United States

Free Fall essays

Free Fall essays Objective: To measure the acceleration of gravity using a tape timer DC power supply Mass Piece Procedure: We started by calibrating the tape timer. We do this so that we know how long it takes for the hammer to strike down each time. We did this by starting the tape timer and pulling a sample piece of tape through it while someone timed how long it took for the tape to be pulled through. We did it three times, however, we never adjusted the voltage, as that would change the period of the timer. Afterwards, we counted the dots and found the average. The average that we found is the period of the hammer arm. Afterwards we found the period of the hammer it was time to measure the acceleration of gravity. We constructed a support to hold the tape time in the air (like the one above). We then ran a strip of paper through the time and attached a mass to it. We made sure that there was no slack in the paper, and that it could fall uninhibited to the floor. Then we started the tape timer and let the mass fall. Finally we measured the distance between the dots on the paper strip and recorded it in our data tables. Data: We used a ruler to measure the dots, and a ruler only measures to 1/10 of a cm (.1). We had to estimate to get the hundredth place. 1) Why would you have to remove the slack before letting the mass fall? A: We had to remove the slack before letting the mass fall because if we didnt, then the pa ...

The Giver by Lois Lowry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Giver by Lois Lowry - Essay Example Theirs is a rigidly controlled society where there is no suffering, hunger, war and also no color, sex, music or love. The â€Å"Elders† controls everything like who will become husband and wife, the son and daughter they will receive to take care of and the job to be assigned at the proper time which is at twelve years of age. A person can be released from the community if he is really old, a sick infant or those persons who break the rules. Jonas discovers after a year of training that people being released were actually being given lethal injection. Jonas was angered by such discovery so he, together with the Giver, devised a plan of escape for Jonas together with Gabriel, the sick baby who is to be released through lethal injection the next day. But then, their plan did not work out. In trying to escape, Jonas experience so much hardships and starvation. The reader is left to interpret it the way he looks at how the story ended. Being a book critic, he said that he likes the book because it could entertain the reader. He gave as example the way Jonas first experience happiness, pain and sadness. According to him it’s funny at how Jonas felt simple things like seeing and feeling snow and feeling the warmth of the sun turn incredible for him. He also wanders what love is when given the memory of love by the Giver who told him that it’s his favorite emotion. Another instance is when Jonas wonders hoe life in his world will be if it is filled with colors and memories and emotion. This critic also said that to show true emotion, the author showed a tearful Jonas when he found out that his father, a doctor, administers lethal injection to infants who are released from the community for being sick and weak. Because of this, he does not want to live with his father who is a killer. Another example is when Jonas begins to fall in love with Fiona, his friend whom he saw naked in his dream. The book also relays a good message saying that war is bad